A Farewell Of Arms, By Frederic Henry - 1269 Words

In the novel, A Farewell to Arms, it mentions several different things about the lives of Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley. First, it starts off mentioning Frederic Henry. Frederic Henry is an young American who just so happened to be in Italy during World War I. Soon Frederic’s friend Rinaldi introduces him to a woman by the name of Catherine Barkley. Catherine Barkley was a British nurse who is trying to get over the death of her fiance. Additionally, Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley were in Italy doing two different occupations. Frederic volunteered as an ambulance driver for the Italian army while Catherine was a nurse and was stationed at several different hospitals throughout the course of the novel. In the novel, A†¦show more content†¦This was a game, like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards.† (Hemingway, 30) Later in the novel Frederic does realize he does love Catherine in Chapter 14. He shows this by saying â€Å"When I saw her I was in love with her. Everything turned over inside of me.† (Hemingway, 91) In chapter nine of A Farewell to Arms Frederic gets wounded. He gets wounded because him and another driver Gordini go and fetch some food for some of the soldiers. When they go to leave a bunch of bombs go off and which ends up killing Gordini and injuring Frederic’s leg. Fredric’s behavior follow the injury was that of detachment. This is shown when the priest visits him in the hospital and Frederic confides in him that he hates the war and believes it is a hopeless effort. In the novel, A Farewell to Arms, the Italian retreat from Caporetto was depicted strongly in book three. In the morning it is revealed that one of the several attacking forces includes Germany which terrifies the Italian army. Then Frederic, Bonello, Piani, and Aymo drive around town with an endless â€Å"column† of people and vehicles behind them. Additionally, in this chapter they have to kill a soldier due to the fear of being overtaken. These three chapters describe the hardships of war from the perspective of Frederic. In the novel, A Farewell to Arms, the love affair between Frederic and Catherine ends quite poorly. In previous chapters, it was learned that Catherine was

A Book Review of Lost History by Michael Hamilton Morgan

UICI 2022– F1 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY amp; MANKIND DR. ABDUL AZEEZ YUSUF BOOK REVIEW: Book Review of â€Å"Lost History† by Michael Hamilton Morgan (30th NOVEMBER 2012) BY MEHRAN QADRI (A11CS2005) AHMAD AL RAZI (A11KP2008) MUHAMMAD SAYID SABIQ (AC102001) 1. Introduction The book that we have chosen to review is titled â€Å"Lost History, the Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers and Artists†. The author of the book is Michael Hamilton Morgan. The book was published in the year 2007 and also holds the same copyright date. The book is a non-fiction. The main subject matter of the book is the history of the Islamic civilization from the birth of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in 570 A.D.†¦show more content†¦5. Evaluation of the Book The author in his introduction sets out the goals of sharing the fascinating Muslim history he has uncovered in his reading and research, a history full of invention, creativity, great ideas, tolerance, and coexistence. This culture seeded the European Renaissance and enabled many aspects of the modern western and global civilization. The impetus for the book came after the September 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center, as the author felt the need at the beginning of the 21st Century to share this forgotten, ignored, misunderstand, suppressed, and even rewritten history with the wider community. The result was the book Lost History, and what a great job the author has done. It is one of the most informative, researched, and relevant books. The author states that the rise of Europe and the decline of the Muslim lands are two sides of the same coin. The author notes that, in the 21st century, for every crisis spot in the Muslim world there is a new and promising centre of innovation in the Muslim community, particularly in Europe and America. The book is well written and also provides maps and images that aid in understanding the message being delivered. They help the reader in creating a mental image of the social conducts, the way of living etc. The author also provides pictures of some early inventions of the Muslim scientists which further aid the reader’s understanding. The authorShow MoreRelatedA Book Review of Lost History by Michael Hamilton Morgan2016 Words   |  9 PagesMANKIND DR. ABDUL AZEEZ YUSUF BOOK REVIEW: Book Review of â€Å"Lost History† by Michael Hamilton Morgan (30th NOVEMBER 2012) BY MEHRAN QADRI (A11CS2005) AHMAD AL RAZI (A11KP2008) MUHAMMAD SAYID SABIQ (AC102001) 1. Introduction The book that we have chosen to review is titled â€Å"Lost History, the Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers and Artists†. The author of the book is Michael Hamilton Morgan. The book was published in the year 2007Read MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesStephen, Billy Elliot Making Multicultural Australia, www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au It is also suggested you choose 3-4 related texts as you will have more to discuss. 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DoH, 2001). One of the changes we are seeing in medical practice is â€Å"less reliance on a particular individual’s knowledge base or skill but rather on a team approach† †¦.which includes representatives of all health professions†¦Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. 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Bromus tectorum ( cheatgrass or downy brome) Free Essays

Researching on Bromus tectorum lead me to a vast collection of literature about the plant species. An almost complete reference on it is provided by the Nature Conservancy, Wildland Weed Program. For my essay/report, I used its â€Å"Element Stewardship Abstract for Bromus tectorum† written by Allan Carpenter and Thomas Murray as my main reference. We will write a custom essay sample on Bromus tectorum ( cheatgrass or downy brome) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The plant species Bromus tectorum is an alien grass or an invader that usually takes over â€Å"disturbed ground in shrub-steppe ecosystems of the Western United States and Canada† (Link et al. ). The scientific name is of Greek and Latin origins. According to the work of Upadhyaya et al. , the genus name Bromus is said to have originated from the archaic Greek word bromos, which refers to a particular kind of oat. The ancient Greek word broma, in addition, means food. The specific epithet, on the other hand, was believed to have been derived from the Latin words tector and tectum, which mean ‘one who overlays’ and roof, respectiviely. Bromus tectorum is more commonly known as cheatgrass to local inhabitants. Other parts of North America call it downy brome because of its noticeably hairy leaves. There are many other names associated to this species. The documented ones include drooping brome, downy cheat, cheat grass brome, slender chess, Mormon oats, and broncograss (Upadhyaya et al. ). Cheatgrass is erect and can rise up to 24 inches high. Its leaves and stems shape into tufts or clumps as seen in Figure 1. The grass has tiny, pappy hair like structures that cover its leaves. Bromus tectorum is an annual grass and is usually dense during winter or spring. This annual plant germinates in fall or spring. However, it has been observed that vast numbers of â€Å"cheatgrass seedlings usually germinate after the first fall rain in infested areas† (West). Cheatgrass only replicates through seeds. However, it is exceptionally efficient; that is, an individual cheatgrass may reproduce hundreds to thousands of seeds (Mosely et al. 1987 cited in Pyron). Its root system then proceeds to develop for the entire duration of the winter season. By spring, the grass has an already wide-ranging root system, enabling the plant to draw out higher levels of moisture and soil nutrients. Cheatgrass has a compact phenology and usually desiccates and spreads its seeds by mid-June (West 1983). Naturally, it undergoes senescence in summer. Once dried, these plants can catalyze wildfires in its regions. The frequent occurrence of fires in an area displaces perennials and even other annuals that initially dominate a particular community (West 1983). Cheatgrass has a Eurasian native range (Novak, Mack, and Soltis). However, it is now found in diverse forms of habitats all over the United States; but, it is most distinguished on the â€Å"Columbia-Snake River Plateau, Wyoming Basin, and the northern portion of the Great Basin in disturbed sagebrush steppe communities† (Rice and Mack ; West). In the mid 1800s, it was accidentally brought into the United States of America. The invasion of North America by B. tectorum occurred through multiple introductions (Bartlett et al. ). In regions where the soil has especially high levels of potassium in it, cheatgrass is found to grow and proliferate well in the area (Belnap pers. comm. cited in Carpenter et al. ). Research has shown that the measured potassium levels in communities can be used to determine and probabilistically predict how susceptible and vulnerable the area may be to cheatgrass takeover. The amount of potassium in the soil may also be altered to alter the abundance of cheatgrass. By lowering the levels of potassium in the soil, the density of cheatgrass may also be lowered. (Belnap pers. comm. cited in Carpenter et al. ). The control of growth and proliferation of cheatgrass in a particular area has shown great significance. Since cheatgrass exhibits both advantage and disadvantages, it is important to be able to moderate its invasion. Cheatgrass has a twofold role; one, as an annoying and pestering weed, and two, a significant â€Å"early season forage for cattle and sheep† (Emmerich et al. ; Upadhyaya et al. ). Bromus tectorum takes over â€Å"rangelands, pastures, prairies, and other open areas,† as seen in Figure 2 (www. invasive. org). Consequently, it has the capacity to thoroughly modify the ecosystems it invades. It poses many ecological and environmental problems because of its propensity to completely wipe out all native foliage and vegetation in a particular area and even modify certain fire patterns. The alterations caused by cheatgrass in the frequency of fire cycles is said to be â€Å"the species’ greatest competitive advantage. † (Whisenant) In sagebrush grassland ecosystem, fire is a natural occurrence (see Figure 3). Those fires usually happened at intervals within the range of 60-100 years. However, in areas where the presence of cheatgrass dominates, areas burn at a much greater and increased frequency, every 3-5 years (Whisenant). With this frequency range, native plants, shrubs, and other perennial grasses cannot keep up and fail to recover. This results to the development of cheatgrass monoculture; other species tend to be completely wiped-out. The vegetation of a pristine (undisturbed) shrub-steppe ecosystem is populated by â€Å"perennial bunchgrasses and widely spaced shrubs† (Whisenant). According to the work of Whisenant, the species that are commonly replaced by cheatgrass include the following: â€Å"big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, crested wheatgrass western wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, needle-and-thread grass, and Thurber’s needlegrass. † Sagebrush steppe cannot simply persist with this shortened fire interval. As how Devine put it, â€Å"fire begets cheatgrass and cheatgrass begets fire† (Devine). What are the advantages of Bromus tectorum or cheatgrass? For ranchers, it is especially useful since it provides a large volume of early spring forage for different types of livestock and animals on grazing lands especially in the Intermountain and Pacific Northwest regions (Upadhyaya et al. ). In terms of its density and the quality of herbage grown including the wideness of the area covered by cheatgrass, it is â€Å"undoubtedly the most important spring forage in the region† (Upadhyaya et al. ; Emmerich et al. ). On the other hand, while ranchers in the Intermountain and Pacific Northwest regions take advantage of cheatgrass, the United States and Canada winter wheat growers consider it as pest—their worst problem (Upadhyaya et al. 1986). According to literature, cheatgrass is a problematic weed in winter wheat. Cheatgrass has many ecological and competitive advantages in contrast with other perennial and annual plants. It has the ability to adapt well and evolve to its native environment and to other environments it invades. Although this has shown to have certain advantages especially to ranchers for foraging, this characteristic of cheatgrass has posed many problems in the ecology and can be very damaging. In my opinion, it is only proper that human intervention be exercised to control its dominance and invasions. Cheatgrass is a sinister. As discussed, it raises both agricultural and environmental problems. The references that I have read reveal that regulation of cheatgrass invasion will demand â€Å"a combination of chemical control, physical control, vegetative suppression, and proper livestock management where land is grazed† (Carpenter and Murray). It is obvious that the problem is quite a complex one as it involves many other variables. Moreover, human intervention could possibly worsen the ecological balance. Thus, the U. S. government and other ecological and environmental agencies should seriously and carefully address the problems and implement effective management programs to minimize its infestations yet still making sure that ecological equilibrium is still achieved. Main Reference Carpenter, Allan and Thomas Murray. 1998. â€Å"Element Stewardship Abstract for Bromus tectorum. † The Nature Conservancy, Wildland Weed Program. Downloaded from: http://tncweeds. ucdavis. edu Works Cited Bartlett Elizabeth, Stephen Novak, and Richard Mack. â€Å"Genetic Variation in Bromus Tectorum (Poaceae): differentiation in the eastern United States,† American Journal of Botany, 89. 4 (2002): 602-612. Belnap, Jayne. Personal communication with Jayne Belnap. Ecologist, National Biological Service. Canyonlands National Park, Moab, Utah (10/19/98). Devine, Robert. â€Å"That cheatin’ heartland. † 51-71. In: Alien invasion: America’s battle with non-native animals and plants. National Geographic Society. Washington D. C. 1998. Emmerich, Fay, Frosty Tipton, and James Young. â€Å"Cheatgrass: Changing perspectives and management strategies. † Rangelands 15 (1993): 37-39. Link, Steven. , Harvey Bolton, Jr. , Michael Thiede, and William Rickard. â€Å"Responses of downy brome to nitrogen and water. † Journal of Range Management 48 (1995): 290-297. Novak, Stephen, Richard Mack, and Pamela Soltis. â€Å"Genetic variation in Bromus tectorum (Poaceae): introduction dynamics in North America. † Canadian Journal of Botany 71 (1993): 1441–1448. Mosely, Jeffrey, Stephen Bunting and Mark Manoukian. â€Å"Cheatgrass. † 175-188. In: Sheley, Roger L. ; Petroff, Janet K. , eds. Biology and management of noxious rangeland weeds. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press. 1999. Pyron, Jayson. â€Å"Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum). † http://www. cnr. uidaho. edu/range454/2007_pet_weeds/Cheatgrass/Cheatgrass. html Rice, Kevin, and Richard Mack. â€Å"Ecological genetics of Bromus tectorum: intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity. † Oecologia 88 (1991): 84-90. Upadhyaya, Mahesh, Roy Turkington and Douglas McIlvride. â€Å"The biology of Canadian weeds. 75. Bromus tectorum L. † Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66 (1986): 689-709. West, Niel. Western intermountain sagebrush steppe: Temperate Deserts and Semi-Deserts. 351-373. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1993. Whisenant, Steven â€Å"Changing fire frequencies on Idaho’s Snake River Plains: Ecological and management implications. † Proceedings-Symposium on Cheatgrass Invasion, Shrub Die-off, and Other Aspects of Shrub Biology and Management, 1990. How to cite Bromus tectorum ( cheatgrass or downy brome), Papers